ALOE VERA FOR HUMAN BEING

Aloe Vera for health and healing is popularly known since long. We have used aloe Vera as medicine in Ayurveda. The aloe plant is related to the onion/garlic plant and also the lily plant. Its appearance is very similar to cactus. Aloe Vera contains nineteen amino acids, twenty minerals e.g. calcium and magnesium, enzymes, polysaccharides, nitrogen and twelve vitamins. These compounds account for its popularity as a source of nutrition, a healing agent, and valuable cosmetic enhancing agent as aloe aids in the elimination of dead skin cells.

Aloe is most popularly known for it's external application for skin disorders, wounds, and sunburn. There are several species of Aloe Vera but all are not fit for human use. However, many of us are discovering the tremendous health benefits of aloe for internal use taken in juice form. Aloe Vera helps heal internal tissue damage as effectively as it helps heal external tissue damage and promotes new cell growth. Aloe Vera has been used as an anti inflammatory in treating various stomach disorders. Those of us suffering from indigestion or irritable bowel syndrome have received relief from aloe Vera juice. Used for it's laxative action, aloe Vera helps eliminate toxins e.g. heavy metals. Aloe Vera also reduces stomach acid which is the cause of heartburn i.e. acid reflux. A healthy digestion system is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing illness and disease caused by toxins that are reabsorbed into our bodies if they are not eliminated.

Because of aloe Vera’s beneficial effects on our digestive system, it has become an efficient and effective aid for weight loss. Aloe Vera helps to reduce and stabilize our body mass index as it promotes the metabolism of fat content. As aloe Vera juice helps to assimilate protein in to our bodies and provides a high content of collagen protein, it helps promote the availability of more energy for our daily physical activity. Many of us use aloe Vera juice before, during and after our exercise sessions as it promotes muscle development which is vital for the burning of fat and weight management. Aloe Vera juice also reduces the amount of time food stays in our intestinal system through its elimination promoting properties. This greatly promotes cleansing of toxins and waste which is essential when we are participating in a weight loss program.

Along with strengthening our immune system with vitamins and minerals, aloe Vera juice balances blood sugar levels and aids in the reduction of cholesterol and blood fat lipid levels. Also Vera actually helps our bodies absorb the vitamins and minerals we are receiving from other sources giving greater nutrition to our cells. Aloe Vera as an enzyme aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein. Aloe Vera juice improves our blood circulation by stimulating our capillaries to dilate and helps regulate our blood pressure as well as fighting infection in our blood and body with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties detoxifying our blood. This action in our blood helps our immune system protect us from onset of disease and so gives us a feeling of well being and energetic living.

As an anti inflammatory, aloe Vera promotes the healing of our bones and joints. We have used aloe Vera externally in gels to soothe sore muscles and joints due to stress, over use, arthritis, etc. Used internally, aloe Vera juice promotes the relief of pain and the increase of recovery from the inside.

Drinking aloe Vera by itself can be a daunting task because of the taste. However we have available to us various aloe Vera juices flavored with natural fruit juice flavors to enable the drinking of aloe Vera juice to be a very pleasant as well as a beneficial health experience.

Here are following reasons why aloe Vera is beneficial to the female species:

1. Digestion: 

Aloe Vera improves digestion and absorption of nutrients. It helps in elimination of toxins without causing diarrhea. It also reduces yeast content subsequently enhancing growth of good bacteria in the digestive tract. Packed with vitamins, minerals, amino acids, antioxidants, enzymes and more -aloe is hailed as one of nature's super food to fight against debilitating modern gastro-intestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome which

affects mostly women.

2. Constipation remedy: 

Generally speaking, females are prone to constipation. Yes, a woman is constipated easily just because she is a woman. For instance, women are often constipated before menstruation. This is due to higher level of female hormones estrogen and progesterone. Also fluids that flow to the colon to soften the stools are retained in other parts of the body. The aforementioned hormonealso increase during pregnancy. It is important especially for pregnant women to know that the yellow bitter sap is the power laxative and should be avoided. The transparent gel should be used for a gentler constipation relief. Due to lack of medical research, pregnant women and young children are generally advised against using aloe. However, there are many quality stabilized aloe gel products that claim to ward off constipation during pregnancy plus supplying folic acid to prevent birth defect.

3. Natural skin care ingredient: 

The aloe gel can be used as a cleanser, toner, moisturizer, and mask; treat acne, wrinkles, rashes and a range of skin problems. If a woman could put up with the unflattering smell of the plant, she got to take care of almost all the needs of her skin and she doesn't have to buy too many bottles of skin care products.

4. Teeth and gum care: 

Dentists who use aloe gel in their practice find that it disinfects, reduces pain and inflammation after surgery. In fact, it is better than some anti-inflammatory drugs as it does not become toxic to cell tissues after a period of time unlike drugs. Open wounds in the mouth that usually take three days to heal, got healed in one day when aloe is used. Fresh aloe gel as toothpaste may taste bitter, however it does cleanse the teeth, fight plaque formation and reportedly stop gum diseases.

5. Heal cuts and infections:

 Aloe gel penetrates beneath the skin, replacing fluids without stopping oxygen from reaching the injured location. This way, the cut heals faster and chances of scarring reduced. This wonderful healing property of aloe is widely acknowledged as it is used as a base for wound dressing even for cancer patients in the hospitals. A woman should stand by aloe in case of injury to her face or, her children.

In conclusion:

 Aloe Vera provides nutrients fundamental for the health of all human beings man and woman alike. Aloe Vera gives a woman glowing skin and radiant smile. It is also a handy home remedy for her family. So blessed are those whose circumstances allow them to grow Aloe and take full advantage of wonderful medicine mother nature has given us.

RUCHIKA’S SUICIDE AND DGP RATHOR

It is an established case that Mr.SPS Rathor than DGP Hriyana, acted as common criminal and later pulled all the strings to put pressure on the family, he even arranged the torture of Ashu her brother. Who was also implicated in falls cases? Rathor was shielded by state as well as central government. Who were those leaders and officers. A THOROGH INVESTIGAN against those who shielded Rathor and those who tortured Ashu and action should be taken against all, case may be reopened if court thinks appropriate. Following is the affidavit of Ashu and other details by courtesy of news papers and blog writers, thanks to the news papers and electronic media media.

“Narrating the inhuman treatment meted out to him by the Haryana Police at the behest of SPS Rathore, Ruchika Girhotra’s brother, Ashu, had filed an affidavit in the Punjab and Haryana High Court on December 3,2001. Ashu was implicated and picked up for six false cases of auto theft — all the charges later fell flat in court.

“Hell was let loose on me. I was treated like a dog. I was slapped, given fist blows and had to further undergo more inhuman torture which I cannot explain in this affidavit. I was not given any food or water to drink for various days. Whenever I used to ask for a glass of water, the police officials used to give me filthy abuses,” he said in his affidavit. Saying that he tried to console Ruchika, who was suffering from depression, he added: “Life was made more miserable for the entire family. Ruchika was literally living under house arrest. As and when Ruchika used to come out of our residence, some mischievous people, who were deployed at the instance of Rathore, used to pass lewd remarks at her. Rathore also made it a point to see that Ruchika did not continue her studies.”

19 year wait: The case file

“Ruchika and her friend Aradhana were members of the Haryana Lawn Tennis Association, of which S P S Rathore (then IGP, Haryana) was the president. A chronology of the events recorded in the case:

AUGUST 11,1990: 
Rathore visits Ruchika's house at noon. Persuades her father, S C Girhotra, a bank manager, not to send Ruchika to Canada. Promises special training for the teenager. Asks her father to tell Ruchika to visit his office-cum residence the next day.

AUGUST 12: 
Ruchika and Aradhana visit Rathore's office. Rathore asks Aradhana to fetch the coach. Aradhana returns and finds Rathore molesting Ruchika. On seeing her, Rathore lets go Ruchika, who rushes out of the room. Rathore asks Aradhana to talk to Ruchika and that "he would do whatever she would say".

The girls decide not to talk about the incident to their parents, considering Rathore's powerful position.

AUGUST 14:
Ruchika and Aradhana go to the tennis court. Rathore calls Ruchika again to his office. This time, the girls decide to share it with the parents. Ruchika confides in Aradhana's mother, Madhu Parkash.

AUGUST 15: 
Both families along with parents of other HLTA trainees hand over a written complaint to Home Secretary J S Duggal. The Chief Minister marks it to then DGP R R Singh.

AUGUST 26: 
The DGP summons Rathore. In retaliation, Rathore allegedly arranges 45-50 hoodlums who raise slogans against Ruchika and smash the windowpanes of her house.

SEPTEMBER 3: 
DGP's report finds the allegations true, recommends registration of case and investigation by CID.

MARCH11,1991: 
Change of government brings new DGP, RK Hooda, who too recommends departmental action against Rathore.

1992: 
Government agrees that an FIR can be registered against Rathore. Case transferred to Chief Secretary.

AUGUST 12,1992:
 First of the six auto theft FIRs registered against Ashu, Ruchika's brother.

OCTOBER 23, 1993: 
Ashu arrested, kept in custody for two months. He was beaten up in custody and one day taken to his house, where Ruchika was told that her father would meet the same fate if she did not withdraw the complaint.

DECEMBER 28: 
Ruchika consumes poison, dies next day. Ashu released.

JANUARY 1994:
Government withdraws all charges against Rathore.

APRIL 1997: 
Ashu discharged from all theft cases.

NOVEMBER 1997:
Aradhana's mother files a petition in the Punjab and Haryana High Court. A year later, court directs CBI to conduct an inquiry.

DECEMBER 1999:
Supreme Court upholds the order of High Court.

JANUARY 2000: 
CBI files charge sheet against Rathore, recommends his removal in interest of "free and fair deposition".

JULY 2002: 
Rathore retires as DGP .

NOVEMBER 2009: 
Case transferred to CBI Chandigarh.

DECEMBER 11, 2009: 
Court closes all final arguments and sets the date for verdict.

Source: The Indian Express

Chandigarh, Dec 21 (IANS) Former Haryana director general of police (DGP) S.P.S. Rathore was Monday sentenced to six months in prison in a 1990 case of molesting 14-year-old budding tennis player Ruchika Girotra who committed suicide three years later.

Rathore was allowed bail by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) court special judge J.S. Sidhu immediately after his sentencing.

“The former DGP can now appeal before a higher court against the CBI court order.

'The sentence is very less even though we are happy that he (Rathore) has been found guilty and sentenced by the court,' said retired Haryana government official Anand Prakash, whose daughter was the lone eyewitness to the August 1990 molestation of the teen in Haryana's Panchkula town, 10 km from here.”

“It is shame for judicial & Police department. What about the police officers involved in harassment of the family, I am ashamed to be part of this system. This dirty idiot will go for appeal and get out. I pray to All Mighty do the justice and pray the DGP, all his associate and the judge who ever handled the case must have girls in their family they should undergo the similar experience” writes a gentleman.

Entire county is watching, what is happening. Let us support the family and force the governments to arrange to take whatever action is needed in this entire case torture of Ashu and suicide by the poor girl.

A pick on other government employees

If you feel humorous and want to have fun and to give some to others, to have more fun than anticipating AND experiencing your next prostate exam go stand in line at a typical government organization. Then try not to get ticked off as the line continues to get longer and then the worker in your line puts a closed sign in their window because it's time for their break. Suddenly the frustration builds and you begin to actually appreciate those city workers you see leaning on their shovels every time you drive by.

Of course, no discussion of government employees who are inept, inconsiderate, incompetent, idiotic, deficient, improper, inefficient, unqualified, inane, (hold on let me get my thesaurus) immoral, inaccurate, erroneous, bloated, inexcusable, and just plain stupid - oh darn, I went and gave it away - naturally, by now you know that I am talking about Congress. Yes, they are government employees even though they like to believe we work for them. When you think about who makes the laws in our country it kind of makes it easier to understand why Medicare covers Viagra, if you get my meaning mind it you may be in correct in thinking all this about government and its employees

I saw in the paper the other day that the Republicans are slowing things down on getting legislation passed... and one thinks this is a bad thing? Congress NOT passing a plethora of stupid laws!!! I think that would go down as one of the greatest things to happen to our country since the postal system replaced the Pony Express... no wait a minute... ah never mind, we'll give the USPS the benefit of the doubt on that one.

When you consider the majority of the men and women in Congress were attorneys before they got into government it sheds some light on that subject, doesn't it? With apologies to Mathew Perry's Chandler character on "Friends", "could there BE two more hated professions?" Not unless you want to mix in a few IRS agents (who, by the way, I have the utmost respect for). A lawyer is probably a little bit better off professionally, spiritually, and in every other way than a congressperson, which means they have to go downhill from lawyer- dom to get into Congress. That is akin to asking for another brain operation after you just received a lobotomy.

Before closing let me a little generous in praising the FDA (which apparently stands for- "For Drugs Always") who even Congress has been critical of lately...does it get any worse than that? Actually, I believe the FDA is a wonderful organization is you are a major stockholder in a pharmaceutical company.

To sum it all up, I can't say that all government employees are bad. Every group has both good and bad, and let me be perfectly clear that in the next tax season anyone looking at my tax returns is of the highest caliber being I ever met (that worked in a government organization). Dear government employees don’t take all this seriously, it is meant to humor you a little. Enjoy a happy CHRISMUS and then coming new year.

MENTAL& PHYSICAL TORTURE OF A BRAVE LITTLE GIRL

As per times news I saw on TV today morning there was a story of a 9 year old brave girl first hats off to her bravery she rescued another 3year old girl , this 9year BRAVE injured in a blast and got a shrapnel wound in her shoulder she was not treated in the hospital for seven hours nor given any thing to eat shame on the hospital staff doctors nurses and other supporting staff who were so care less and callous to wards her, she was not given first aid now doctors say that they will have to operate her to get the shrapnel out.

In government hospitals generally careless they know that nobody can take any action against them, they think, they are GVT. Officers not doctors, specially in the railways doctors S.rDMO, DMO NOT DOCTOR, they think they are superior others are employees not patients, I know one doctor who is very good doctor but looses his temper whenever more patients come to him .In private hospitals and clinics doctors treat you as a FAT MURGA they have become businessman not doctors , if once you are admitted in a private hospital be prepared for a fat bill , quite un-necessary consultation by specialists and some times unnecessary putting on ventilator or asking for expensive tests in a particular place only is common practice beware!

In this case strict action on the entire staff including doctors is very necessary , it should be an example to others , who will not dare to treat such bravescarelessly.

Medical and Health tourism

In some developed countries the medical treatment is a costly affair, specially when it comes to operations of the hearts or change of some organ like knee joints kidneys etc., combined with limited medical resources that often require patients to wait months or years for treatment, is behind an exciting new trend with excellent possibilities for medical care. The trend is often called Health Travel, and it combines travel with having low cost surgery abroad. Since many people have employer provided medical insurance, and since time away from work is needed to take advantage of Global Health Care, it is important for both employers and patients to understand how medical tourism works. In brief, patients travel to qualified medical facilities in other countries, where high quality medical care is provided at a fraction of what it would cost if it were done domestically, and often long before the patient could have the procedure at home, where waiting lists are common. In some oil rich countries where medical facilities are sufficient for every body citizen go abroad for treatments, as in old times people used to go to SWITZERLAND for treatment and for climate change for recuperating after illness.

Today, many employers are looking into the benefits of using a Medical Tourism Company as part of a plan to cut employee health care costs. Employers who offer medical tourism to their employers often discover that they are able to pick up a significant portion of the costs, including travel, and still save money on their employee health care benefits. Those who work for these companies are finding that essential procedures like a low cost dental treatment, dental surgery abroad, or receiving a gastric band abroad also decreases their out of pocket expenses, because they pay lower deductibles and their contribution toward the cost of their health insurance is reduced. Many health insurance companies are now offering policies that include Health Travel as an option, meaning employers have competitive choices when it comes to providing health insurance. Medical travel packages fully integrated with the health plans are also becoming more available, so travel costs are reduced, as well. Employers and patients alike are beginning to compare medical tourism prices to what they would pay locally, and many are finding the cost savings to be

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substantial, while the quality of their care is excellent.


The Government of India is taking serious initiatives in this
regard and plans to start overseas marketing of India as a medical tourism destination. The government of India is of the opinion that by marketing India as a global medical tourism destination, it could capitalize on the low-cost, high-quality medical care available in the country. India, promoted as one of the favorite destinations for information technology majors, is currently emerging as the chosen destination for medical or health tourism. The Government of India, State tourism boards, travel agents, tour operators, hotel companies and private sector hospitals are exploring the medical tourism industry for tremendous opportunities. They are seeking to capitalize on the opportunities by combining the country's popular leisure tourism with medical tourism.

Statistics estimate that the medical tourism industry in India is currently worth billions while a study by CII-McKinsey estimates that the country could well earn trillions by the year 2012. The Indian medical tourism industry, growing at an annualized rate of 30 percent, caters to patients chiefly from the US, Europe and Africa. Couples of hundred thousands medical tourists have visited India. There lots of competition in this field also

What makes it so attractive? Primary is the cost factor. The medical costs in India are a fraction of the costs in the US/Europe. For instance, a heart surgery costs $6,000 in India as against $30,000 in the US. Similarly, a bone marrow transplant costs $26,000 in India as compared to $2,50,000 in the US. Foreign patients throng Indian hospitals to pass up the long waiting lists and queues in their native countries. The NHS >patients in UK have to wait for months for Hip/Knee replacements surgery. Indian hospitals provide immediate attention to patients rather than asking them to wait for several months like in most western countries.
India's top notch private hospitals like Apollo, Fortis,Max Health Care have gained international recognition for their state-of-the-art facilities and diagnostic centers besides unsurpassed technical skills. Their technology and procedures are state of the art and on par with hospitals in developed nations. Foreign patients can get attractive package deals including flights, transfers, hotels, treatment and post-operative vacation for their medical visits to India. India has some

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world class SPAs and Ayurvedic facilities which help recuperation and healing. Naturopathic treatment centers are extra benefit.

MURDER OF A SPORTSMAN

DON’T get alarmed it is not the MURDER you are thinking but our hero professional golfer the TIGER WOODS has become target of media and several companies and few ladies all these people suddenly become active in destroying him and his reputation. Lots of ladies who wanted to have affair with Tiger woods and those who could get the opportunity and those who could not get are behaving strangely, destroying his marriage his wife instead of helping to save his carrier is adamant to get divorce . Probably lots of money is involved, child support agencies have become active but they are right if doing this others should think about the children.

Other sports person should come forward to help him in untangl ling him from current problems. Mr. Tiger Woods is to be blamed for his actions, he probably could not digest fame and money and fir got the GOLF which gave him name and fame. It must be a lesson to all sportsman and players They should careful in handling monetary affairs as well as personal ones and remain faithful to their wives .Lots of budding sportsman take lessons from them some make them their IDOL , there are lots of admirers who watch their progress see their games on TV’S or on ground they get disappointed and loose interest.

There are footballer’s cricketer’s tennis players’ golfers’ race drivers, jockeys whom lots of people watch and young generation follow or try to follow their path. So Mr. Woods get up and face the circumstances yes you can do it god bless you..

STONESIN THE KIDNEY AND GALLBLADER

When stones develop in the kidney passing of a kidney stone isn't too much to ask for. Kidney stones are said to be more painful than giving birth to a baby. The pain can be so intense that missing work is essential. In so many words, stones in your kidneys can ruin your daily life, pain stars in the back but you can sense where it actually is.
Passing a kidney stone(s) is simpler than you may think. Most people will pass theirs by simply drinking more water. In fact, you should be drinking at least 10 glasses of water per day, any other drink which helps you in passing more urine is welcome if you are suffering from this disease Dr.s recommend barley water people say bear is also helpful but those who don’t drink bear can safely take barley water
But for about 10% of patients, they may need something a little more than water. This article will give you a few more options to pass the stones that are ruining your life.

Pass Kidney Stones with Fiber and Natural Remedies
While you are drinking at least 10 glasses of water per day, here are so more options you can try.

Your diet is probably the most important factor (other than water) for curing and preventing this disease. Your diet is the fuel behind your body and some people are not choosing the highest quality fuel if your kidneys are not working properly.

For your diet, you should be avoiding high sugar foods which are a factor for creating more stones. Instead of eating high fat and high sugar foods, you should eat plenty of fiber. Most products will tell you that they are high in fiber on the label. Research has proven that high fiber foods are great for the body. You should try to eat whole grains and plenty of fruits and vegetables, but doctors tell to avoid much use of certain calcium producing vegetables and fruits so diets may be taken as per your doctor’s advice Vegetables are awesome because they will most often provide your body with chlorophyll which cleanses the organs. But vegetables also contain water soluble fiber which is paramount for cleansing your whole body. Try to eat at least 3-5 servings of vegetables per day. You will notice going to the bathroom more but you will also have a better chance of passing the stones too.

If you suffer from uric stones, you should avoid animal products and meats because their high amounts of Purines. Purines are converted

intacidwhendigested.
Don't forget to exercise daily. Exercising has hundreds of benefits but we also know that it allows the stones to shift in the kidneys. Whenever the stones shift this gives your kidneys a better chance to flush them. You should start out slow and work your way up to at least an hour daily but shifting of stones can give pain so keep the recommended pain killer ready.

Finally, continue to educate yourself about natural health and this disease. For instance, phosphoric acid (present in many common beverages) is a catalyst for dissolving calcium based kidney stones. Since most stones (90%) are calcium based, this is a perfect remedy for dissolving stones that are 5 mm or bigger. It is said that Homeopathic medicines are helpful in flushing out stones. But Gallbladder stones are little different

Before gallbladder surgery, have you considered trying a gallstone natural remedy that incorporates your diet and simple remedies to flush the gallbladder? Surprisingly, most people naively remove their organ before even considering an alternative treatment.

There are many benefits to trying natural remedies including: keeping your organ, more affordable and better for your health. Let me explain!

Why Gallbladder Surgery Should be Your Last Resort

Take a moment to think, you will find several stories they could tell you stories about people not satisfied with their decision about surgery. This is because your body was intended to have a gallbladder. My sister has her Gallbladder removed but till to day she is not fully satisfied and taking her medicines even today.

Some common complications after surgery is the inability to eat the foods you want, frequent diarrhea, and high cholesterol. However, the most severe side effect to surgery is that you increase your risk of both bowel and colon cancers after you remove your organ!

There is a much better option though…a gallstone natural remedy! Flush Gallstones Naturally There are numerous ways that patients have found success with flushing gallstones but the most common ones include eating the right foods while cleansing your gallbladder, liver and colon.
Here are some simple tips you can begin today to start your home treatment. The first thing you may want to do is start supplement of vitamin C. Doses you may take are recommended by your physician , Vitamin C is another name for ascorbic acid which has been shown to convert cholesterol to bile. Because gallstones are typically composed of cholesterol, this is a great way to start the dissolving process.

You should also avoid high fattening foods and high cholesterol foods. You probably know that but did you know that you should be eating foods that are extremely high in dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is important for important for flushing. Make sure you look at labels to check for dietary fiber. Only eat grains with dietary fiber that is higher than 3 grams per serving. Also eat plenty of vegetables.

Lastly, you might also wish to try milk thistle. This liver tonic cleanses the liver and stimulates bile production. In one study, silymarin (active component in milk thistle) was shown to significantly reduce cholesterol levels in bile. This is very important for prevention and flushing stones. The recommended amount is 600 mg of milk thistle extract per day.

Again Homeopathic medicines come to help you a good Homeopath is recommended try the before going to surgery and if the particular case permits one.

VITAMINS HOW ESSENTIAL FOR US

VITAMINS are very essential for our body , they help in development and maintenance of our body therefore we must know about them because they are to be taken in our proper natural diets , we should choose our food carefully so that it can give us full benefit. Vitamins when used as medicine and food supplement must be taken in medical guidance and supervision only.

VITAMIN is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism.^[ The term 'vitamin' first became popular in the early 1800's as a contraction of the words 'vital' and 'mineral', though the actual meaning of the word has developed somewhat since that time^[. A compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. Thus, the term is conditional both on the circumstances and the particular organism. For example, ascorbic acid functions as vitamin C for some animals but not others, and vitamins D and K are required in the human diet only in certain circumstances. The term vitamin does not include other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids, nor does it encompass the large number of other nutrients that promote health but are otherwise required less often.

VITAMINS are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not their structure. Thus, each "vitamin" may refer to several vitamer compounds that all show the biological activity associated with a particular vitamin. Such a set of chemicals are grouped under an alphabetized vitamin "generic descriptor" title, such as "vitamin A", which includes the compounds retinal, retinol, and four known carotenoids.^[5] Vitamers are often inter-converted in the body.

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VITAMINS have diverse biochemical functions, including function as hormones (e.g. vitamin

D), antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E), and mediators of cell signaling and regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation (e.g. vitamin A).^[6] The largest number of vitamins (e.g. B complex vitamins) function as precursors for enzyme cofactor bio-molecules (coenzymes), that help act as catalysts and substrates in metabolism. When acting as part of a catalyst, vitamins are bound to enzymes and are called prosthetic groups. For example, biotin is part of enzymes involved in making fatty acids. Vitamins also act as coenzymes to carry chemical groups between enzymes. For example, folic acid carries various forms of carbon group – methyl, formyl and methylene - in the cell. Although these roles in assisting enzyme reactions are vitamins' best-known function, the other vitamin functions are equally important.^[7]

In humans

Vitamins are classified as either water-soluble or fat soluble. In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water, and in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption.^[ Because they are not readily stored, consistent daily intake is important. Many types of water-soluble vitamins are synthesized by bacteria.^[ Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of FATS( LIPIDS) Because they are more likely to accumulate in the body, they are more likely to lead to hyper vitaminosis than are water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamin regulation is of particular significance in cystic fibrosis.

List of vitamins—Vitamin A ,BI, B2,B3,B5, B6, B7,B9, B12, Vitamin C, VIT. D, VIT. E, VIT. K.

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In nutrition and diseases

Vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multicellular organism. Using the genetic blueprint inherited from its parents, a fetus begins to develop, at the moment of conception, from the nutrients it absorbs. It requires certain vitamins and minerals to be present at certain times. These nutrients facilitate the chemical reactions that produce among other things, skin, bone, and muscle. If there is serious deficiency in one or more of these nutrients, it can cause deficiency in the body also.

For the most part, vitamins are obtained with food, but a few are obtained by other means. For example, microorganisms in the intestine—commonly known as "gut flora"—produce vitamin K and biotin, while one form of vitamin D is synthesized in the skin with the help of the natural ultraviolet wavelength of sunlight there fore sun light is essential for us. Humans can produce some vitamins from precursors they consume. Examples include vitamin A, produced from beta carotene, and niacin, from the amino acid tryptophan.

Once growth and development are completed, vitamins remain essential nutrients for the healthy maintenance of the cells, tissues, and organs that make up a multicellular organism; they also enable a multicellular life form to efficiently use chemical energy provided by food it eats, and to help process the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats required for respiration.

Deficiencies

Because human bodies do not store most vitamins, humans must consume them regularly to avoid deficiency. Human bodily stores for different vitamins vary widely; vitamins A, D, and B₁₂ are stored in significant amounts in the human body, mainly in the liver, and an adult human's diet may be deficient in vitamins A and B₁₂ for many months before developing a deficiency condition. Vitamin B₃ is not stored in the human body in significant amounts, so stores may only last a couple of weeks. Deficiencies of vitamins are classified as either

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primary or secondary. A primary deficiency occurs when an organism does not get enough of the vitamin in its food. A secondary deficiency may be due to an underlying disorder that prevents or limits the absorption or use of the vitamin, due to a “lifestyle factor”, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or the use of medications that interfere with the absorption or use of the vitamin. People who eat a varied diet are unlikely to develop a severe primary vitamin deficiency. In contrast, restrictive diets have the potential to cause prolonged vitamin deficits, which may result in often painful and potentially deadly diseases.

Well-known human vitamin deficiencies involve thiamine (beriberi), niacin (pellagra), vitamin C (scurvy) and vitamin D (rickets). In much of the developed world, such deficiencies are rare; this is due to (1) an adequate supply of food; and (2) the addition of vitamins and minerals to common foods, often called fortification. In addition to these classical vitamin deficiency diseases, some evidence has also suggested links between vitamin deficiency and a number of different disorders.

Side effects and overdose

In large doses, some vitamins have documented side effects that tend to be more severe with a larger dosage. The likelihood of consuming too much of any vitamin from food is remote, but overdosing from vitamin supplementation does occur. At high enough dosages some vitamins cause side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

When side effects emerge, recovery is often accomplished by reducing the dosage. The concentrations of vitamins an individual can tolerate vary widely, and appear to be related to age and state of health. In the United States, overdose exposure to all formulations of vitamins was reported by 62,562 individuals in 2004 (nearly 80% of these exposures were in children under the age of 6), leading to 53 "major" life-threatening outcomes and 3 deaths; a small number in

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comparison to the 19,250 people who died of unintentional poisoning of all kinds in the U.S. in the same year (2004).

Dietary supplements, often containing vitamins, are used to ensure that adequate amounts of nutrients are obtained on a daily basis, if optimal amounts of the nutrients cannot be obtained through a varied diet. Scientific evidence supporting the benefits of some vitamin supplements is well established for certain health conditions, but others need further study. In some cases, vitamin supplements may have unwanted effects, especially if taken before surgery, with other dietary supplements or medicines, or if the person taking them has certain health conditions. Dietary supplements may also contain levels of vitamins many times higher, and in different forms, than one may ingest through food.^[

Governmental regulation of vitamin supplements---

Most countries place dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs. This necessitates that the manufacturer, and not the government, be responsible for ensuring that its dietary supplement products are safe before they are marketed. Unlike drug products, which must explicitly be proven safe and effective for their intended use before marketing, there are often no provisions to "approve" dietary supplements for safety or effectiveness before they reach the consumer. Also unlike drug products, manufacturers and distributors of dietary supplements are not generally required to report any claims of injuries or illnesses that may be related to the use of their products these products fully commercialized without thinking about common people who are targets of vigorous marketing strategy.

In the concluding part of this semi technical article general public is advised not take vitamins unnecessarily and without medical advice, too much any useful thing is waste of money also because these vitamins and dietary supplements are not cheep.